What Is GLP-3 (RT)?

GLP-3 (RT) is a synthetic peptide that acts as a triple agonist at three incretin and glucagon receptors: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and the glucagon receptor. This triple mechanism distinguishes it from dual-agonist compounds which target only GIP and GLP-1 receptors.

Receptor Pharmacology

GLP-1 receptor: Located in pancreatic beta cells, the CNS, and the GI tract. Activation enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, and modulates appetite signaling.

GIP receptor: Found in pancreatic beta cells, adipose tissue, and bone. Agonism potentiates insulin secretion and influences lipid metabolism in adipocytes.

Glucagon receptor: Primarily expressed in liver and adipose tissue. Activation stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis, increases energy expenditure, and promotes fatty acid oxidation. This is the novel addition in the triple-agonist profile.

Published Clinical Research

Phase 2 clinical trial results published in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrated significant metabolic effects across multiple dose levels in a 48-week randomized controlled trial enrolling approximately 340 participants.

Published results showed dose-dependent changes in body weight, with the highest dose group showing mean reductions of approximately 24% from baseline at 48 weeks — the largest effect size reported for any single investigational compound in this class at the time of publication.

Mechanism Differentiation

The inclusion of glucagon receptor agonism sets this compound apart. While glucagon has traditionally been viewed as a counter-regulatory hormone, research has shown controlled glucagon receptor activation increases hepatic energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation.

Research Considerations

GLP-3 (RT) is available in lyophilized research-grade form for laboratory investigation. It should be reconstituted in bacteriostatic water and stored at 2-8°C. As a research compound, it is intended exclusively for in vitro and laboratory research applications.